🎓 IB Exam Prep

Which of the following best describes active transport across a cell membrane?

A Movement of molecules down their concentration gradient without energy.
B Movement of water across a semi-permeable membrane.
C Movement of molecules against their concentration gradient, requiring ATP.
D Movement of small, nonpolar molecules directly through the lipid bilayer.

✓ Correct Answer: Option C

Active transport moves substances from an area of lower concentration to an area of higher concentration (against their gradient). This process requires energy, typically supplied by the hydrolysis of ATP.

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