Which amendment to the U.S. Constitution guarantees due process and equal protection under the law for all citizens, specifically extending these protections to actions by state governments?

The correct answer to the question "Which amendment to the U.S. Constitution guarantees due process and equal protection under the law for all citizens, specifically extending these protections to actions by state governments?" is Option D: The Fourteenth Amendment.

The other options — A) The First Amendment, B) The Fifth Amendment, C) The Tenth Amendment — are incorrect for this CLEP Exam Prep question. As explained above: The Fourteenth Amendment contains both the Due Process Clause and the Equal Protection Clause, making these fundamental rights applicable to the states and ensuring state governments cannot infringe …