When someone attributes a stranger's rude behavior to their inherent personality flaws rather than considering potential situational factors, they are exhibiting which cognitive bias?

The correct answer to the question "When someone attributes a stranger's rude behavior to their inherent personality flaws rather than considering potential situational factors, they are exhibiting which cognitive bias?" is Option B: Fundamental attribution error.

The other options — A) Self-serving bias, C) Actor-observer bias, D) Cognitive dissonance — are incorrect for this CLEP Exam Prep question. As explained above: The fundamental attribution error is the tendency to overestimate the impact of dispositional factors and underestimate the impact of situational factors when explaining other people's behavior.