When explaining why a classmate failed a test, you attribute it to their lack of effort or intelligence. However, when you fail a test, you attribute it to the test being unfair or the teacher being unclear. This tendency is an example of which social psychology concept?

The correct answer to the question "When explaining why a classmate failed a test, you attribute it to their lack of effort or intelligence. However, when you fail a test, you attribute it to the test being unfair or the teacher being unclear. This tendency is an example of which social psychology concept?" is Option C: Self-serving bias.

The other options — A) Cognitive dissonance, B) Fundamental attribution error, D) Groupthink — are incorrect for this CLEP Exam Prep question. As explained above: Self-serving bias is the tendency to attribute one's successes to internal factors and failures to external factors, while often doing the opposite for others, protecting self-esteem.