Signs of fluid volume overload include:

✓ Correct Answer: Option B

Fluid overload (hypervolemia): JVD, pulmonary crackles/rales, peripheral edema, weight gain (1L = 1kg), elevated BP, bounding pulses, dyspnea, S3 heart sound. Causes: CHF, renal failure, excess IV fluids. Treatment: restrict fluids/Na, diuretics, elevate HOB.