A therapist helps a client identify and challenge their negative thought patterns and irrational beliefs, then encourages them to practice new, more adaptive behaviors. This approach is most characteristic of which type of therapy?

The correct answer to the question "A therapist helps a client identify and challenge their negative thought patterns and irrational beliefs, then encourages them to practice new, more adaptive behaviors. This approach is most characteristic of which type of therapy?" is Option C: Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT).

The other options — A) Psychodynamic therapy, B) Humanistic therapy, D) Client-centered therapy — are incorrect for this CLEP Exam Prep question. As explained above: CBT focuses on the interaction between thoughts, feelings, and behaviors, directly targeting and modifying maladaptive cognitive patterns and developing healthier behavioral responses.