In a study investigating the efficacy of a new antidepressant, researchers found a statistically significant improvement in symptoms (p < 0.05). However, a subsequent meta-analysis revealed that the observed effect was negligible and not clinically meaningful. This scenario highlights the difference between:
✓ Correct Answer: Option C
Statistical significance (e.g., p < 0.05) indicates that an observed effect is unlikely to be due to chance. Clinical significance refers to whether the observed effect is large enough to be meaningful in a practical clinical setting. They are not always the same.