🦷 DAT Exam Prep

ATP synthase generates ATP by:

A Substrate-level phosphorylation

B Chemiosmosis — using the proton gradient across the inner mitochondrial membrane

C Photophosphorylation only

D Direct oxygen use

✓ Correct Answer: Option B

ATP synthase: protons flow down their concentration gradient through the enzyme, driving rotational catalysis that synthesizes ATP from ADP + Pi.