🏥 USMLE Exam Prep

A patient experiences a sudden drop in blood pressure upon standing up quickly (orthostatic hypotension). Which physiological compensatory mechanism is immediately activated to help restore mean arterial pressure?

A Increased renin release from the kidneys
B Decreased sympathetic outflow to peripheral blood vessels
C Activation of the baroreceptor reflex leading to increased heart rate and vasoconstriction
D Increased release of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP)

✓ Correct Answer: Option C

Orthostatic hypotension triggers the baroreceptor reflex. A decrease in blood pressure is detected by baroreceptors, leading to increased sympathetic outflow, which causes vasoconstriction and increased heart rate to restore blood pressure.

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