🏥 USMLE Exam Prep

A 72-year-old man with a history of hypertension and coronary artery disease presents to the emergency department with acute onset severe dyspnea, orthopnea, and frothy pink sputum. On examination, he is tachypneic, tachycardic, and has bilateral crackles extending halfway up the lung fields. Jugular venous distention is noted. What is the most appropriate initial management step?

A Initiate oral metoprolol
B Administer intravenous furosemide
C Perform immediate cardiac catheterization
D Administer intravenous antibiotics

✓ Correct Answer: Option B

Acute decompensated heart failure with pulmonary edema requires rapid reduction in preload. Intravenous loop diuretics like furosemide are the cornerstone of initial management, reducing fluid overload and improving respiratory symptoms. Beta-blockers are contraindicated in acute decompensation.

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