🏥 USMLE Exam Prep

A 72-year-old male with a history of heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) and chronic atrial fibrillation presents for routine follow-up. He reports persistent palpitations and occasional dyspnea. His current medications include carvedilol, lisinopril, spironolactone, and furosemide. His rhythm is atrial fibrillation with a ventricular rate averaging 95 bpm. His LVEF is 30%. What is the most appropriate next step in managing his atrial fibrillation?

A Initiate amiodarone for rhythm control.
B Increase carvedilol dose for rate control.
C Add digoxin for additional rate control.
D Perform electrical cardioversion.

✓ Correct Answer: Option B

For atrial fibrillation in patients with HFrEF, rate control with a beta-blocker is the primary strategy. Increasing the carvedilol dose is appropriate to improve rate control and reduce symptoms before considering other agents or rhythm control strategies.

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