A 65-year-old male presents with worsening dyspnea and productive cough. Chest X-ray reveals hyperinflated lungs and flattened diaphragms. Pulmonary function tests show increased total lung capacity and increased residual volume. Which of the following pathological changes is most consistent with these findings?
✓ Correct Answer: Option C
The clinical presentation (dyspnea, hyperinflation, increased TLC/RV) points to emphysema, which is pathologically characterized by permanent enlargement of airspaces distal to terminal bronchioles due to destruction of alveolar walls.