A 60-year-old female with a history of hypertension and Type 2 Diabetes presents with a new onset of hypokalemia, metabolic alkalosis, and resistant hypertension despite being on three antihypertensive medications. Physical examination reveals a palpable abdominal mass. What is the most likely underlying diagnosis?

The correct answer to the question "A 60-year-old female with a history of hypertension and Type 2 Diabetes presents with a new onset of hypokalemia, metabolic alkalosis, and resistant hypertension despite being on three antihypertensive medications. Physical examination reveals a palpable abdominal mass. What is the most likely underlying diagnosis?" is Option A: Renal artery stenosis.

The other options — B) Pheochromocytoma, C) Primary hyperaldosteronism, D) Polycystic kidney disease — are incorrect for this USMLE Exam Prep question. As explained above: Resistant hypertension, hypokalemia, and metabolic alkalosis in an older patient with an abdominal mass (suggesting an abdominal aneurysm or other vascular lesion) are highly suggestive of renal arte…