🏥 USMLE Exam Prep

A 58-year-old man is admitted for acute kidney injury. His serum creatinine has risen from a baseline of 1.0 mg/dL to 3.5 mg/dL over 48 hours. Urine dipstick shows 3+ protein and 3+ blood. Urine microscopy reveals dysmorphic red blood cells and red blood cell casts. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?

A Prerenal azotemia
B Acute tubular necrosis
C Glomerulonephritis
D Postrenal obstruction

✓ Correct Answer: Option C

The presence of dysmorphic red blood cells and red blood cell casts on urine microscopy, along with significant proteinuria and hematuria, is highly suggestive of acute glomerulonephritis.

Related USMLE Exam Prep Questions