🏥 USMLE Exam Prep

A 3-year-old child presents to the emergency department with sudden onset of high fever, difficulty swallowing, drooling, and inspiratory stridor. Direct laryngoscopy reveals a swollen, cherry-red epiglottis. Which bacterial pathogen is the most common cause of this condition in unvaccinated children?

A Streptococcus pyogenes
B Staphylococcus aureus
C Haemophilus influenzae type b
D Moraxella catarrhalis

✓ Correct Answer: Option C

Acute epiglottitis, characterized by a 'cherry-red' epiglottis and inspiratory stridor, is most commonly caused by Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib), especially in unvaccinated children. Vaccination has significantly reduced its incidence.

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